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Objective:To investigate the effects of different production processes on sensitization responses to human diploid cell rabies vaccines.Methods:This study randomly collected 360 serum samples in clinical trials of four rabies vaccines with different production processes. Total IgE levels at different time points were detected by ELISA. SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Total IgE test results showed that the seropositive rate was 20% (6/30) for all four vaccines. The lowest mean value of total IgE was 9 IU/ml and the highest was 210 IU/ml. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in total IgE levels at different sampling time points ( P=0.284), and the total IgE level in people injected with multistep concentrated human diploid cell rabies vaccine was significantly below that in people immunized with Vero cell rabies vaccine ( P=0.024). Conclusions:Increasing the immune dosage of human rabies vaccine could not result in a rise in total IgE. Human diploid cell rabies vaccines had good safety as the production process could remove most of allergenic impurities.
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Objective:To explore the value of MRI signs in assessing the presence or absence of hernia sacs in fetuses with congenital diaphragm hernia.Methods:MRI images of 57 patients with congenital diaphragm hernia confirmed by postpartum surgery were analyzed from November 2016 to December 2020 in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, with a gestational age of 20－40 (28±5) weeks. In postpartum surgery, 18 cases were found with hernia sacs (hernia sac group) and 39 cases without hernia sacs (hernia-free group). Seven MRI signs were analyzed, including hernia peripheral enveloping sensation, smooth lung-hernia interface, crescent-shaped lung compression, residual lung tissue on the affected side, heart displacement, effusion above the lung-hernia interface and effusion below the lung-hernia interface. The differences in MRI signs between the hernia sac and hernia-free groups were compared using the χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact probability method. The diagnostic efficacy of each sign was calculated. The MRI signs with statistical differences between the two groups were included in the predictive integration model, and 1 point was scored for each sign, the imaging score of each fetus was calculated, and the efficacy of imaging points in diagnosing the presence or absence of hernia sacs was assessed by the subject manipulation receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results:There were statistically significant differences in 5 MRI signs between the hernia sac and the hernia-free groups, namely hernia peripheral enveloping sensation (χ2=25.74, P<0.001), smooth lung-hernia interface (χ2=48.20, P<0.001), crescent-shaped lung compression (χ2=57.00, P<0.001), residual lung tissue on the affected side (χ2=12.14, P<0.001) and effusion above the lung-hernia interface (χ2=4.31, P=0.022). Among them, the sign of crescent-shaped lung compression had the highest diagnostic efficacy, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy all were 100%. Five statistically significant MRI signs were included in the predictive integration model, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.999, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 94.9%, and the optimal threshold was 2 points. Conclusion:Fetal MRI signs and predictive integration model can effectively identify the presence or absence of hernia sacs in fetuses with congenital diaphragm hernia, which has certain clinical significance.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injury among both primary and middle school students in Changning District， Shanghai， and to provide evidence for injury prevention. Methods In 2018， data of basic characteristics and injury-related factors were obtained through field questionnaire survey among the selected primary and middle schools （2 of each）. Results The study finally included 1 821 students， with injury incidence rate of 30.1%. Among them， the injury incidence rate for the primary schools was 32.0%， and 28.8% for the middle schools. The top three injury types were falls， sharps injuries， and blunt injuries. Age， gender， myopia， and injury-related knowledge/behaviors were significantly related to injury incidence. Conclusion Falls should still be the priority of injury prevention for primary/middle school students in Changning District. The effect of reducing injuries can be achieved by improving health education about injury-related knowledge/behaviors.
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Objective:To investigate the factors that could influence the particle size and size distribution of mRNA vaccines.Methods:The influences of several factors including the ionic strength and pH values of buffers, solutions, dilution folds and testing equipments on the particle size and size distribution of three batches of mRNA vaccines were analyzed by dynamic light scattering.Results:The particle size increased with increasing ionic strength, but no significant change in size distribution was observed. The particle size also increased with increasing pH values and the size distribution showed significant change when the buffer solution was weakly alkaline. Solution types could affect the particle size, but had no influence on size distribution. There was no significant change in the particle size or size distribution when the dilution was limited to 100 folds. Moreover, the particle size and size distribution detected by different equipments showed no significance difference.Conclusions:The particle size and size distribution of mRNA vaccines could be affected by solution, dilution fold and testing equipment, which should be concerned during the vaccine production and quality control.
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Objective:To excavate the mechanism of the combination of Radix Ophiopogonis and Schisandra chinensis to treatatherosclerosisbased on network pharmacology to discuss its mechnism.Methods:This paper excavated the associated proteins with Radix Ophiopogonis and Schisandra chinensis from the TCMGeneDIT database, and constructed the multicomponent protein network of Radix Ophiopogonis, Schisandra chinensis and proteins ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, low, medium, high dose group and atorvastatin calcium group. Except the control group, other groups were fed with H10540 high fat diet for 12 weeks. From the 4th week, the atrovastatin calcium group was given atrovastatin calcium liquid 6 mg/kg by gavage. The low, medium and high dose groups were administed 4.68, 2.34 and 1.17 g/kg, respectively, once a day by gavage for 8 weeks. The oil red staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of atherosclerotic aortic wall. Western blot was subjected to detect the expression change of mitogen activated protein kinases p38 (p38), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1), Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class a member 1 (HSP90AA1), MMP-9 and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) in liver tissue, as well as nuclear factor related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in brain tissue.Results:It was found that eleven components were interacted with 37 proteins, forming a protein interaction network with 48 nodes and 190 boundaries without isolated nodes. Compared to the model group, the level of p-p38/p38 (2.12 ± 0.12, 1.76 ± 0.11, 1.69 ± 0.10 vs. 2.45 ± 0.16), TLR4 (1.98 ± 0.10, 1.64 ± 0.11, 1.55 ± 0.12 vs. 2.68 ± 0.06), HSP90AA1 (1.79 ± 0.10, 1.66 ± 0.09, 1.59 ± 0.11 vs. 2.06 ± 0.07), MMP9 (1.84 ± 0.11, 1.75 ± 0.12, 1.66 ± 0.08 vs. 2.68 ± 0.10) in liver tissue of low, medium and high dose groups significantly decreased, the level of ABCG1 (0.53 ± 0.08, 0.78 ± 0.09, 0.81 ± 0.10 vs. 0.45 ± 0.04), ALOX5 (0.59 ± 0.04, 0.67 ± 0.09, 0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.47 ± 0.02) in liver tissue of low, medium and high dose groups significantly increased ( P<0.05). The expression of Nrf2 (1.62 ± 0.12, 1.32 ± 0.09, 1.14 ± 0.06 vs. 2.12 ± 0.08) in cytoplasm of brain tissue significantly decreased, and Nrf2 (1.12 ± 0.09, 1.61 ± 0.07, 1.68 ± 0.11 vs. 1.07 ± 0.08) in cell nucleus of brain tissue significantly increased. The expression of HO-1 (1.16 ± 0.09, 1.73 ± 0.11, 1.82 ± 0.08 vs. 1.05 ± 0.04) in brain tissue significantly increased. Conclusions:Network pharmacology and molecular biology were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the combination of Schisandra chinensis and Ophiopogon japonicus in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, also to validate the related mechanism via Nrf2 pathway, which provided a reference for the further study of the combined prescription.
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It is shown that phytochemicals have a protective effect on colon cancer. Curcumin, polysaccharides (apple polysaccharides, mushroom glucans), saponins (paridis saponins, ginsenosides), resveratrol, quercetin and other plant drugs can inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis through different signaling pathways. In addition, it also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs, and reverse the drug resistance of tumor cells. Understan-ding the prevention and cure effect of plant medicine on colon cancer and its possible mechanism can provide more theoretical basis and therapeutic ideas for the clinical prevention and cure of colon cancer.
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Objective@#To excavate the mechanism of the combination of Radix Ophiopogonis and Schisandra chinensis to treatatherosclerosisbased on network pharmacology to discuss its mechnism.@*Methods@#This paper excavated the associated proteins with Radix Ophiopogonis and Schisandra chinensis from the TCMGeneDIT database, and constructed the multicomponent protein network of Radix Ophiopogonis, Schisandra chinensis and proteins ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, low, medium, high dose group and atorvastatin calcium group. Except the control group, other groups were fed with H10540 high fat diet for 12 weeks. From the 4th week, the atrovastatin calcium group was given atrovastatin calcium liquid 6 mg/kg by gavage. The low, medium and high dose groups were administed 4.68, 2.34 and 1.17 g/kg, respectively, once a day by gavage for 8 weeks. The oil red staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of atherosclerotic aortic wall. Western blot was subjected to detect the expression change of mitogen activated protein kinases p38 (p38), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1), Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class a member 1 (HSP90AA1), MMP-9 and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) in liver tissue, as well as nuclear factor related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in brain tissue.@*Results@#It was found that eleven components were interacted with 37 proteins, forming a protein interaction network with 48 nodes and 190 boundaries without isolated nodes. Compared to the model group, the level of p-p38/p38 (2.12 ± 0.12, 1.76 ± 0.11, 1.69 ± 0.10 vs. 2.45 ± 0.16), TLR4 (1.98 ± 0.10, 1.64 ± 0.11, 1.55 ± 0.12 vs. 2.68 ± 0.06), HSP90AA1 (1.79 ± 0.10, 1.66 ± 0.09, 1.59 ± 0.11 vs. 2.06 ± 0.07), MMP9 (1.84 ± 0.11, 1.75 ± 0.12, 1.66 ± 0.08 vs. 2.68 ± 0.10) in liver tissue of low, medium and high dose groups significantly decreased, the level of ABCG1 (0.53 ± 0.08, 0.78 ± 0.09, 0.81 ± 0.10 vs. 0.45 ± 0.04), ALOX5 (0.59 ± 0.04, 0.67 ± 0.09, 0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.47 ± 0.02) in liver tissue of low, medium and high dose groups significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression of Nrf2 (1.62 ± 0.12, 1.32 ± 0.09, 1.14 ± 0.06 vs. 2.12 ± 0.08) in cytoplasm of brain tissue significantly decreased, and Nrf2 (1.12 ± 0.09, 1.61 ± 0.07, 1.68 ± 0.11 vs. 1.07 ± 0.08) in cell nucleus of brain tissue significantly increased. The expression of HO-1 (1.16 ± 0.09, 1.73 ± 0.11, 1.82 ± 0.08 vs. 1.05 ± 0.04) in brain tissue significantly increased.@*Conclusions@#Network pharmacology and molecular biology were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the combination of Schisandra chinensis and Ophiopogon japonicus in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, also to validate the related mechanism via Nrf2 pathway, which provided a reference for the further study of the combined prescription.
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Objective:To analyze the neutralization properties of different genotypes and mutants of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV).Methods:Pseudoviruses of SFTSV of different genotypes and mutants were constructed using VSVΔG-Fluc*G backbone. Neutralization assays were established based on the pseudoviruses. DNA vaccines for different SFTSV genotypes were prepared. Serum samples were collected from guinea pigs immunized with the DNA vaccines. Neutralizing antibodies in serum samples from immunized guinea pigs and naturally infected patients were detected using neutralization assays and analyzed.Results:The pseudoviruses of five genotypes and 43 mutants were successfully constructed and the neutralization assays based the pseudoviruses were successfully established after optimizing the reaction parameters. The dilution multiple corresponding to the inhibition rate of neutralizing antibody to half of the pseudovirus infection was taken as the titer of neutralizing antibody by the reduction in pseudovirus reporter gene. The neutralization antibody titers in naturally infected patients and immunized guinea pigs were respectively in the ranges of 1∶100-1∶43 000 and 1∶100-1∶2 500 when detected with the reference HB29 pseudovirus. The neutralization antibody titers ranged from 1∶100-1∶2 500 after immunization with different genotypes of DNA vaccines. No significant statistical difference in neutralization antibody titer was observed among different genotypes or mutant strains.Conclusions:The neutralization properties of different genotypes and mutants showed no significant change, which would be very useful for developing vaccines.
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Objective@#To explore the current situation of college students’ delivery food consumption and the related factors, and to provide reference for healthy eating behaviors among college students.@*Methods@#A random cluster sampling was used to select 2 597 student sample of various majors and grades of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. The self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the frequency and causes of college students ordering delivery food, as well as the status of nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior. The Zung Depression Self-rating Scale (SDS) was adopted to measure the mental health status of the students, and height and weight were measured by a unified height and weight scale. Finally, the influencing factors mentioned above and consumption frequency of delivery food was analyzed.@*Results@#Among the college students,60.0% reported the habit of ordering delivery food; As for the frequency of delivery food consumption, boys were singnificantly higher than girls(OR=1.38), students of first(OR=0.48) and third grade(OR=0.61) were lower than that of fourth grade,the medicine major’s frequency was lower than the science and engineering major’s(OR=0.57), and the art major’s was higher than the science and engineering’s(OR=1.94); The frequency of students who had received relevant health education was lower than the unreceived students’(OR=0.70); Students who had better performance in the nutrition learning attitude, and those who had healthier eatting habits (OR=0.62, 0.49); Students who saving reckoned delivery food as convenient, time and tasty (OR=4.77, 4.82, 2.85); Howver, students’ BMI, the score of depression scale, nutritional knowledge score, knowledge and practical attitude,diet structure score, food packaging, price and nutritional factors showed no significant effect on the frequency of delivery food consumption (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#It is common for college students to order delivery food. gender, grade, major, nutrition and health education background, nutritional attitude, eating habits and convenient, time-saving, tasty nature of fast food are the factors influencing the frequency of delivery food consumption.
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Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by lyssavirus and characterized by central nervous system symptoms. The fatality rate of rabies is almost 100%. About 59 000 cases die of rabies worldwide every year, mainly in Asia and Africa. China is an epidemic country of rabies. Grade II and III exposures are the main types of rabies exposures in China. Standardized post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can prevent rabies almost 100%. Human Rabies Vaccine Technical Working Group, National Immunization Advisory Committee and invited experts reached an expert consensus on PEP by referring to the World Health Organization′s position paper on rabies vaccine in 2018 and related research progress in recent.
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Objective@#To study the viral titers of live attenuated yellow fever vaccine in China under different storage conditions and time, and to provide data to support the stability of the vaccine.@*Methods@#The viral titers of live attenuated yellow fever vaccines stored at different time points at -20 ℃, 4 ℃, 25 ℃ and 37 ℃ were determined; the viral titers of vaccines stored at different time points at the viral titers of vaccines expired for different time points were determined; the viral titers of vaccines were determined after storing at -20 ℃ after being taken away from the cold-chain during transportation; the titer of the virus was determined at different time points after thawing.@*Results@#The viral titer of the live attenuated yellow fever vaccine stored at -20 ℃ for 24 months (validity period) decreased only by 0.4-0.5 LgPFU/ml; the viral titer decreased by 0.7 LgPFU/ml, 1.0-1.4 LgPFU/ml and 2.3-2.6 LgPFU/ml respectively when the vaccine was stored at 4 ℃, 25 ℃ and 37 ℃ for 8weeks. The viral titers decreased by 0.4-0.6 LgPFU/ml, 0.6-0.7 LgPFU/ml, 0.6-0.7 LgPFU/ml and 0.9 LgPFU/ml respectively 8 months 10 months, 44 months and 76 months after the expiration date. The titer of the virus decreased slightly from 0 to 0.2 LgPFU/ml when the vaccine was stored at 4 ℃ for 2 h, 25 ℃ for 2 h, 37 ℃ for 2 h, then -20 ℃ for 2 weeks. Afterthawing, the titers of virus decreased by 0.1-0.4 LgPFU/ml at room temperature for 120 minutes.@*Conclusions@#The live attenuated yellow fever vaccine in China has good stability and is very stable at the current standard storage temperature -20 ℃. Short time exposure to high temperature, whether in lyophilized state or after being thawed, the viral titer of vaccine remained almost unchanged.
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Objective@#To construct a stable infectious clone of live attenuated dengue virus (DENV) type 4 Ban18HK20 strain for better understanding the virulence determinants of DENV and improving the development of chimeric vaccines.@*Methods@#Specific primers were constructed according to the genome of Ban18HK20 strain and used to subclone six cDNA fragments, which were linked into a high-copy plasmid pSPTM to obtain a stable full-length cDNA clone of DENV. RNA was transcribed from the full-length cDNA in vitro and electrotransfected into Vero cells to recover the virus. Biological characteristics of the recovered virus were identified using plaque assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, growth kinetics test and pathogenicity study in mouse brain. Genetic stability of the virus passaged 15 generations was studied using RT-PCR amplification.@*Results@#Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis indicated that the infectious clone was constructed successfully. The recovered virus was consistent with the parental virus in terms of plaque morphology, DENV E protein expression, growth characteristics and pathogenicity in mouse brain. Sequencing analysis showed that the recovered virus had the same genome sequence as the parental virus with good hereditary stability.@*Conclusions@#A stable infection clone of Ban18HK20 was constructed and a reverse genetics technology platform for DENV research was established.
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Objective@#To study the intracerebral pathogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine strains of Tiantan strain used in China and WHO vaccine strain 17D-213 in mice.@*Methods@#Mice of different ages and strains were intracerebrally injected with same amount of Tiantan strain and 17D-213 strain. The death and survival of mice were observed and recorded. The LD50/ml and half survival time of the two vaccine strains were compared and analyzed.@*Results@#There was no difference in LD50/ml between the Tiantan strain and 17D-213 strain when used through intracerebral injection in one-day-old suckling mice, 7-9 g mice or 12-14 g mice. Moreover, no significant difference in survival trend was found in 7-9 g mice or 12-14 g mice injected with the two vaccine strains. However, the two strains had statistically different influences on the survival trend of one-day-old suckling mice. The half survival time of the Tiantan strain was 11 d, while that of the WHO vaccine strain 17D-213 was 6 d. Excepting in NIH mice, no significant differences in LD50/ml were detected between the same amount of two strains in BALB/c, KM, ICR or C57 mice.@*Conclusions@#The yellow fever Tiantan vaccine strain and WHO vaccine strain 17D-213 have no significant difference in the intracerebral pathogenicity in mice of different ages and strains with good safety.
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Objective To study the intracerebral pathogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine strains of Tiantan strain used in China and WHO vaccine strain 17D-213 in mice. Methods Mice of different ages and strains were intracerebrally injected with same amount of Tiantan strain and 17D-213 strain. The death and survival of mice were observed and recorded. The LD50/ml and half survival time of the two vaccine strains were compared and analyzed. Results There was no difference in LD50/ml between the Tiantan strain and 17D-213 strain when used through intracerebral injection in one-day-old suckling mice, 7-9 g mice or 12-14 g mice. Moreover, no significant difference in survival trend was found in 7-9 g mice or 12-14 g mice injected with the two vaccine strains. However, the two strains had statistically different influences on the survival trend of one-day-old suckling mice. The half survival time of the Tiantan strain was 11 d, while that of the WHO vaccine strain 17D-213 was 6 d. Excepting in NIH mice, no significant differences in LD50/ml were detected between the same amount of two strains in BALB/c, KM, ICR or C57 mice. Con-clusions The yellow fever Tiantan vaccine strain and WHO vaccine strain 17D-213 have no significant difference in the intracerebral pathogenicity in mice of different ages and strains with good safety.
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Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Metabolic engineering is a powerful tool to increase many valuable metabolites through enhancing pathways or introducing exogenous pathways from other organisms. As the complexity of the targeted structure increases, many problems arise when the host suffers from flux imbalance and some toxic effects. An emerging approach to solve these problems is the use of synthetic scaffolds to co-localize key enzymes and metabolites of the synthetic pathways, enhance the metabolic flux and limit the interaction between intermediate products in the host cell. Although many scaffolds made of proteins and nucleic acids have been explored and applied to a variety of research to the heterogeneous synthesis of multiple metabolites, success is rather limited. The precise assembly of synthetic scaffolds remains a difficult task. In this review, we summarized the application of synthetic scaffolds in metabolic engineering, and outlined the main principle of scaffold designs, then highlighted the current challenges in their application.
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Metabolic Engineering , Metabolic Networks and Pathways , Proteins , Synthetic BiologyABSTRACT
Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang [FLCWK], a traditional Chinese patent medicine, consists primarily of Polygonum hydropiper and Daphniphyllum calycinum roots. As a complex containing several kinds of flavonoids, FLCWK has the potential to impact the drug metabolism enzyme P450 3A4 [CYP3A4] and nuclear receptors. The purpose of this research was to probe the effects of FLCWK on CYP3A1, the homolog of CYP3A4 in rats, and to confirm whether FLCWK interferes with PXR and CAR-mediated transactivation of CYP3A4. The effects of FLCWK on Cyp3a1 mRNA, catalytic activity levels, and protein expression in Sprague-Dawley [SD] rat liver tissues were examined using real-time PCR, western blotting, and high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] assays, respectively. The efficacy of PXR and CAR on CYP3A4 transcriptional activity were detected using luciferase reporter assays and further research of the impact of FLCWK on CYP3A4 gene expression mediated by the PXR pathway was examined by transient transfection of PXR siRNA. FLCWK significantly increased Cyp3a1 mRNA, CYP3A1 activity, and protein expression levels in SD rats. FLCWK highly induced CYP3A4 luciferase activity mediated by PXR in PXRCYP3A4 co-transfected cells. A siRNA-mediated drop-off in PXR expression greatly cut the effect of FLCWK on CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. These findings show that FLCWK up-regulates CYP3A4 levels via the PXR pathway. This effect should be considered being applied in clinical use as FLCWK has the potential to interact with other drugs
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Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most significant mosquito-borne viral pathogens that spread in the tropical and subtropical areas causing severe diseases in humans such as dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DENV RNA genome encodes three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins. The non-structural protein 3 (NS3) contains two main functional domains: serine protease and RNA helicase. As a serine protease, NS3 together with host cell proteases can directly hydrolyze the ploy-protein that is translated from the viral genome into functional proteins. Functioning as a RNA helicase, it is closely related to the replication and transcriptional translation of the viral genome RNA. In this paper, the structure and functions of DENV NS3 and the research progress in related antiviral drugs were reviewed systematically.
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Objective@#To disclose the effects of booster immunization of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) after eight years of primary vaccination.@*Methods@#Sixty subjects who had participated the phase Ⅲ clinical trial of freeze-dried HDCV were selected and gaven booster immunization after eight years of primary vaccination. The side effects of booster immunization were observed. The serum before and after 14 days of booster immunization were collected and detected the rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). The positive rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of RVNA before and after booster immunization were made statistical analysis.@*Results@#Total 54 subjects finished the follow-up and RVNA detection. No sever side-effects were observed in 30 min or 15 days of follow-up after booster immunization. The positive rate of RVNA before and after booster immunization were 51.85% (28/54) and 96.30% (52/54). The GMT of RVNA before and after booster immunization were 1.42 IU/ml and 30.61 IU/ml.@*Conclusions@#The freeze-dried HDCV has good immune effects with one-dose of booster immunization after eight years of primary vaccination.
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The yellow fever (YF) attenuated live vaccine 17D is one of the oldest attenuated live vaccines and historically well known for its good immunogenicity and safety. Because of the high safety of YF attenuated live vaccine 17D, its genome is used as the backbone of recombinant vaccines that deliver flavivir-uses or non-associated antigens. With the prevalence of YF, the demand for YF attenuated live vaccines is increasing. At present, there is insufficient supply of YF attenuated live vaccines in the world. Much atten-tion has been paid to YF attenuated live vaccines. In this paper, the quality, use and prospect of YF attenu-ated live vaccine are reviewed.